Renu-Karoo Veld Restoration

 INDIGENOUS SEED / ECOLOGICAL SERVICES

 Sue Milton-Dean (PhD) & W. Richard J. Dean (PhD)

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Table of contents

Aronson, J., Milton, S.J. & Blignaut, J.N. 2007. Chapter 1. Restoring natural capital: definitions and rationale. Pp 3-8 In: Aronson, J., Milton, S.J. & Blignaut, J.N. (eds.) Restoring Natural Capital: Science, Business and Practice. Island Press, Washington , D.C

James N. Blignaut, James Aronson, Paddy Woodworth, Sean Archer, Narayan Desai, and Andre F. Clewell  Chapter 2. Restoring Natural Capital: A Reflection on Ethics 9-16

Joshua Farley and Erica J. Brown Gaddis Chapter 3. Restoring Natural Capital: An Ecological Economics Assessment pp 17-27

Eugenio Figueroa  Chapter 4. Restoring Natural Capital: A Mainstream Economic Perspective 28-35

Richard Norgaard, Phoebe Barnard, and Patrick Lavelle 2007. Chapter 5. Assessing and Restoring Natural Capital Across Scales: Lessons from the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 36-43

Reinette Biggs and Robert J. Scholes  2007. Chapter 6. Assessing the Loss in Natural Capital: A Biodiversity Intactness Index pp 44-54

PART II. Restoring Natural Capital: Experiences and Lessons 55

TARGETS

W. Richard J. Dean and Chris J. Roche 2007. Chapter 7. Setting Appropriate Restoration Targets for Changed Ecosystems in the Semiarid Karoo , South Africa pp 57-63

Louise Holloway 2007. Chapter 8. Targeting Sustainable Options for Restoring Natural Capital in Madagascar pp 64-75

David Tongway and John Ludwig 2007. Chapter 9. Landscape Function as a Target for Restoring Natural Capital in Semiarid Australia 76-84

Cathy Waters, Andrew G. Young, and Jim Crosthwaite 2007. Chapter 10. Genetic Integrity as a Target for Natural Capital Restoration: Weighing the Costs and Benefits 85-93

APPROACHES

Andrew Carey 2007. Chapter 11. Restoring and Maintaining Natural Capital in the Pacific Northwest, USA 94-102

John Craig and Éva-Terézia Vesely 2007. Chapter 12. Restoring and Maintaining Natural Capital Reconnects People to Their Natural Heritage: Tiritiri Matangi Island , New Zealand 103-111

Martin R. Aguiar and Marcela E. Román 2007. Chapter 13. Restoring Forage Grass to Support the Pastoral Economy of Arid Patagonia 112-121

William McGhee 2007. Chapter 14. A Community Approach to Restore Natural Capital: The Wildwood Project 122-128

Christo Fabricius and Georgina Cundill 2007. Chapter 15. An Adaptive Co-management Approach to Restoring Natural Capital in Communal Areas of South Africa 129-136

P. S. Ramakrishnan 2007. Chapter 16. Participatory Use of Traditional Ecological Knowledge for Restoring Natural Capital in Agroecosystems of Rural India 137-145

Suzanne M. Langridge, Mark Buckley, and Karen D. Holl 2007. Chapter 17. Overcoming Obstacles to Restoring Natural Capital: Large-scale Restoration on the Sacramento River 146-153

James N. Blignaut and Christina E. Loxton 2007. Chapter 18. An Approach to Quantify the Economic Value of Restoring Natural Capital: A Case from South Africa 154-161

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES: CASE STUDIES

Kirsten Schuyt, Stephanie Mansourian, Gabriella Roscher, and Gerard Rambeloarisoa 2007. Chapter 19. Capturing the Economic Benefits from Restoring Natural Capital in Transformed Tropical Forests 162-169

Coert J. Geldenhuys 2007. Chapter 20. Restoring Natural Forests to Make Medicinal Bark Harvesting Sustainable in South Africa 170-178

Anthony J. Mills, Jane K. Turpie, Richard M. Cowling, Christo Marais, Graham I. H. Kerley, Richard G. Lechmere-Oertel, Ayanda M. Sigwela ,and Mike Powell 2007. Chapter 21. Assessing Costs, Benefits, and Feasibility of Restoring Natural Capital in Subtropical Thicket in South Africa 179-187

Holmes, P.M., Richardson , D.M. and Marais, C. 2007. Chapter 22. Costs and Benefits of Restoring Natural Capital Following Alien Plant Invasions in Fynbos Ecosystems in South Africa 188-197

J. Deon van Eeden, Roy A. Lubke, and Pippa Haarhoff 2007. Chapter 23. Return of Natural, Social, and Financial Capital to the Hole Left by Mining 198-207

Christopher Elliman and Nathan Berry 2007. Chapter 24. Protecting and Restoring Natural Capital in New York City ’s Watersheds to Safeguard Water 208-215

Liba Pejchar, Joshua H. Goldstein, and Gretchen C. Daily 2007. Chapter 25. Making the Restoration of Natural Capital Profitable on Private Land : Koa Forestry on Hawaii Island 216-224

PART III . Restoring Natural Capital: Tactics and Strategies 225

VALUATION

William E. Rees, Joshua Farley, Éva-Terézia Vesely, and Rudolf de Groot 2007. Chapter 26. Valuing Natural Capital and the Costs and Benefits of Restoration 227-236

Mike. D. Young, Stefan Hajkowicz, Erica J. Brown Gaddis, and Rudolf de Groot 2007. Chapter 27. A Decision Analysis Framework for Proposal Evaluation of Natural Capital Restoration 237-248

LOCAL AND LANDSCAPE LEVELS

Karen D. Holl, Liba Pejchar, and Steve G. Whisenant 2007. Chapter 28. Overcoming Physical and Biological Obstacles to Restoring Natural Capital 249-255

Christo Marais, Paddy Woodworth, Martin de Wit, John Craig, Karen D. Holl, and Jennifer Gouza 2007. Chapter 29. Overcoming Socioeconomic Obstacles to Restoring Natural Capital 256-264

GLOBAL LEVEL

Robert J. Scholes, Reinette Biggs, Erica J. Brown Gaddis, and Karen D. Holl 2007. Chapter 30. Overcoming Obstacles at a Global Scale to Restore Natural Capital 265-274

Joshua Farley, Erica J. Brown Gaddis, William E. Rees, and Katrina Van Dis 2007. Chapter 31. Managing Our Global Footprint Through the Restoration of Natural Capital at a Global Scale 275-285

POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONS

Rudolf de Groot, Martin de Wit, Erica J. Brown Gaddis, Carolyn Kousky, William McGhee, and Mike D. Young 2007. Chapter 32. Making Restoration Work: Financial Mechanisms 286-293

William McGhee, John Craig, Rudolf de Groot, James S. Miller, and Keith Bowers 2007. Chapter 33. Making Restoration Work: Nonmonetary Mechanisms 294-204

PART IV. Synthesis 303

Richard M. Cowling, Shirley M. Pierce, and Ayanda M. Sigwela 2007. Chapter 34. Mainstreaming the Restoration of Natural Capital: A Conceptual and Operational Framework 305-312

Milton, S.J. Aronson, J., & Blignaut, J.N. 2007. Chapter 35. Restoring towards a better future. Pp 313-318 In: Aronson, J., Milton, S.J. & Blignaut, J.N. (eds.) Restoring Natural Capital: Science, Business and Practice. Island Press, Washington , D.C.  

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The Succulent and Nama Karoo form part of the arid southwestern zone of Africa , a vast region of rugged landscapes and low treeless vegetation. Studies of this unique biome have yielded fascinating insights into the ecology of its flora and fauna. This book is the first to synthesize these studies, presenting information on biogeographic patterns and life processes, form and function of animals and plants, foraging ecology, landscape-level dynamics and anthropogenic influences. Novel analyses of the factors distinguishing the biota of the Karoo from that of other temperate deserts are given and generalisations about semi-arid ecosystems challenged. The ideas expounded, the ecological principles reviewed, and the results presented are relevant to all those working in the extensive arid and semi-arid regions of the world.  View list of contributors...

• The first book to synthesize hitherto widely-scattered information about the ecological patterns and processes of this unique region • Presents a novel analysis of factors which distinguish the Karoo flora and fauna from that of other temperate deserts • Challenges the generalisations that have been made about semi-arid ecosystems

Foreword P. W. Roux; Preface; Acknowledgements; Part I. The Driving Variables W. Dean and S. Milton: 1. The climate of the Karoo - a functional approach P. Desmet and R. Cowling; 2. Soils of the arid south-western zone of Africa M. Watkeys; 3. Paleoenvironments M. Meadows and M. Watkeys; 4. Plant biogeography, endemism and diversity R. Cowling and C. Hilton-Taylor; 5. Biogeography, endemism and diversity of animals C. Vernon; Part II. Form and Function B. Lovegrove: 6. Form and function in perennial plants G. Midgley and F. van der Heyden; 7. Functional aspects of annual and biennial plants M. van Rooyen; 8. Plant reproductive ecology K. Esler; 9. Animal form and function B. Lovegrove; 10. Animal foraging and food W. Dean and S. Milton ; Part III . Dynamics P. Novellie: 11. Population-level dynamics S. Milton , R. Davies and G. Kerley; 12. Community patterns and dynamics A. Palmer, P. Novellie and J. Lloyd; 13. Modelling populations and community dynamics in Karoo ecosystems K. Kellner and J. Booysen; 14. Spatially explicit computer simulation models - tools for understanding vegetation dynamics and supporting rangeland management F. Jeltsch, T. Wiegand and C. Wissel; Part IV. Human Impacts W. Siegfried: 15. Hunters and herders in the Karoo landscape A. Smith; 16. Historial and contemporary land use and the desertification of the Karoo M. Hoffman, B. Cousins, T. Meyer, A. Petersen and H. Hendricks; 17. Alien plant invaders of the Karoo: attributes, impacts and control S. Milton , H. Zimmerman and J. Hoffman; 18. Comparison of ecosystem processes in the Nama Karoo and other deserts W. Whitford; 18. The Succulent Karoo in a global context: plant structural and functional concepts comparison with North American winter rainfall deserts K. Esler, P. Rundel and R. Cowling; 20. The Karoo: past and present S. Milton and W. Dean; References; Index.

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